點度量（4）—最新發布度量方法及參考

5. 可供選擇的功能規模度量方法
相對于傳統的規模度量方法，出現了一些新的方法。本章將簡單介紹三種最近提出的新提法：
預言性的對象點（ Predictive Object Points），
組件重用制（Component Reuse Metrics ），
構件點（Construction Points）
5.1預言性的對象點（Predictive Object Points）
在意識到傳統的軟件度量方法不足以適用于面向對象軟件的生產力跟蹤和工作量預測后，預言性的對象點方法被開發了[38][39]。 預言性的對象點方法是特別為面向對象軟件設計的度量方法并且它是通過度量系統的面向對象屬性得到結果。預言性對象點方法滿足第4.5節所提到的重用包含問題，因為它度量軟件傳遞的原始功能數，包括對象間的交流信息和通過繼承的重用。預言性對象點方法的核心是Chidember和Kemerer提出的每類權重度量方法（the Weighted Methods per Class metric），但也受到面向對象度量方法繼承樹深度方法（Depth of Inheritance Tree DIT)和子類數方法（Number of Children NOC)的影響。實際情況是提供一個面向對象和工作量之間對數據研究的聯系，這是通過度量和計算過程研究結果。但仍有障礙需要克服。需要收集額外的數據和修正原始結果。 另外一點是填補在早期分析過程中可能的工作產品和預言性對象度量計算需要的缺口。更進一步是考慮用例作品和預言性對象點之間的直接關系和自動度量過程。
推薦讀物: [38]，[39]
5.2 組件重用度量方法（Component Reuse Metric）
Virtanen提出了一種估計軟件開發工作量的新方法[40][41]。組件重用方法綜合了面向對象組件技術的最好方法和對人類行為（技能，動機，團隊影響）的分析而形成簡單計算規則。組件重用方法用不同種類的組件數來表示軟件規模，并認為這些數字是不可加的。而且這種方法考慮的風險的影響，特別是風險未來蔓延的影響也考慮了。用組件自己代替一些規模度量單位來表示規模是組件重用方法一個不同的特點，另外一個特點是它對人的影響作用的重要估價。 任務的基本估計大多數用工作量估計方法，最重要是窗口數和數據表的個數的度量。組件重用方法可以看成這種方法的擴展。根據有關案例研究情況，在沒有經驗和歷史數據，估計項目和人的影響作用是困難的。但依照Virtanen觀點，很明顯，如果這些估計是準確的，組件重用將是一個非常正確的方法。為了發布產品（譯者注：這種方法的發布）必須進行進一步研究。
推薦讀物: [40]， [41]
5.3 構件點（Construction Points）
Victor和Daily提出了一種所謂構件點的能估計作業叫SPECTRE的方法[42]。她的目的是預測開發任務時間和模塊規模，這些都和項目因素如任務內容和復雜度以及開發人員的知識和經驗等非常敏感。 這種方法在路線上和功能點分析方法有些相似，但目標實體上有區別，功能點分析是面向項目而構件點是面向任務的測量制度。構件點是基于許多年的經驗積累觀察，而且依照Victor 和Daily說法，她有眾所周知的可檢查的準確性。 SPECTRE 利用她的構件點能有效地應用于完善地任務說明，事實上，她也可以方便地應用于整個開發過程的任務規范。
推薦讀物: [42]
6. 總結
本文選擇介紹了幾種重要的功能規模度量方法，并就適用性和成熟度方面對他們進行了評價。緊接著，本文提出并討論了功能規模度量方法的共性問題，如自動計算、可兌換問題等。隨后文章介紹了可供選擇的最近發布的功能規模度量方法�？梢缘贸鲞@樣的結論：功能規模度量對軟件開發來說很重要，但是有幾個問題必須的考慮，如方法在功能業務領域的適用性，新技術的影響等。另外一個結論是對功能規模度量方法的共性問題還需要大量的調查和研究，如：
不同功能規模度量方法之間的可兌換性，
功能點和UML之間的映射，
在規則系統/科學系統軟件方面的度量 ，
總之， 建立一種能作為度量獨立領域并且利用所有軟件生命周期階段產物而得到度量輸入的國際標準的規模度量方法是悅人心意的。
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