看下面這張圖，這是一個測試工具Cactus測試Servlet的過程，而在過去測試Servlet是很麻煩的。
1.首先，JUnit測試器執行YYYTestCase.runTest()，這個函數找到beginXXX(WebRequest)執行它，這個過程發生在客戶端。WebRequest作為參數，它包含了請求的HTTP頭、HTTP參數，它將被傳送到第2步的重定向代理器中。
2.YYYTestCase.runTest()建立一個到重定向代理器的HTTP鏈接. 上一步的WebRequest傳了過去。
3.從客戶端來看，重定向代理器好像是在服務器運行一樣。這意味著你的測試用例類將被實例兩次：一次是在客戶端（被JUnit測試器實例），另一次是在服務器端（被重定向代理器實例）�？蛻舳说膶嵗脕韴绦衎eginXXX()和endXXX()函數，服務器端實例用來執行第4步中的testXXX()函數。
4.setUp(), testXXX()和tearDown()被依次執行，它們被重定向代理器以reflection機制執行。當然，setUp()和tearDown()是可選的(就像在JUnit里一樣)。
5.你的testXXX()將調用服務器端代碼測試，并使用JUnit的斷言API來觀察執行效果(如assert(), assertEquals(), fail(), ...)
6.如果測試失敗，你的testXXX()函數拋出的異常將被重定向代理器捕獲。
7.如果出現異常，重定向代理器返回它的信息（包含名字，類，棧頂數據）到客戶端，然后異常信息將顯示在JUnit的測試器上。
8.如果沒有異常產生，YYYTestCase.runTest()函數則找到endXXX(org.apache.cactus.WebResponse)或endXXX(com.meterware.httpunit.WebResponse) 函數執行。在全過程中，你有機會在endXXX()函數檢查HTTP頭，Cookies以及servlet的輸出流。
2.cactus 的安裝
文件下載地址:
http://www.javaresearch.org/oss/download/cactus/jakarta-cactus-12-1.6.1.zip
使用方式:
解壓壓縮包后將lib文件夾下的全部JAR添加到相關項目目錄(為保證確認,可以將路徑同時添加到classpath中),配置cactus.properties文件,修改cactus.contextURL值為所在webapp的起始路徑,同時將該文件放置到classpath路徑中
如例:
# Configuration file for Cactus.
# Each project using Cactus need to have such a file put in the client side
# CLASSPATH (Meaning the directory containgin this file should be in the client
# side CLASSPATH, not the file itself of course ... :) )
# Defines the URLs that will be used by Cactus to call it@#s redirectors
# (Servlet and JSP). You need to specify in these URLs the webapp context
# that you use for your application. In the example below, the context is
# "test".
cactus.contextURL = http://localhost:8080/Fund_Cafe
cactus.servletRedirectorName = ServletRedirector
cactus.enableLogging=true
修改WEB應用下web.xml文件添加相應的SERVLET映射
如例;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>TS</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>jp.co.abic.wam.startmenu.ForwardLauncher</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>WAM_HOME</param-name>
<param-value>D:\Fund_Cafe\conf</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>FORWARD_SERVLET</param-name>
<param-value>TS2</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>TS2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>jp.co.abic.wam.WAMServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>WAM_HOME</param-name>
<param-value>D:\Fund_Cafe\conf</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ServletRedirector</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.cactus.server.ServletTestRedirector</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletRedirector</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ServletRedirector</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>TS</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/TS</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>TS2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/TS2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<resource-ref>
<description>Oracle DataSource example</description>
<res-ref-name>oraclePool</res-ref-name>
<res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
<res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>
</web-app>
3.實際舉例
被測試類: ForwardLauncher
測試類: Test
測試條件1:B=9914,S=123456789,ServerID=AA, BHD0001=1,E=0(程序正常路徑,顯示選擇菜單)
測試條件2:B=9914(程序異常路徑,顯示發生錯誤的頁面)
Test類內容如下:
package jp.co.abic.wam;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import jp.co.abic.wam.startmenu.ForwardLauncher;
import org.apache.cactus.ServletTestCase;
import org.apache.cactus.WebRequest;
import org.apache.cactus.WebResponse;
/**
* @author sfluo
*
* TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
*/
public class Test extends ServletTestCase {
ForwardLauncher wamServlet=new ForwardLauncher();
public static void main(String[] args) {
junit.textui.TestRunner.run(Test.class);
}
/*
* @see TestCase#setUp()
*/
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
config.setInitParameter("FORWARD_SERVLET","TS2");
wamServlet.init(config);
}
/*
* @see TestCase#tearDown()
*/
protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
super.tearDown();
}
/*
* Class under test for void doGet(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
*/
public void beginDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA(WebRequest theRequest){
theRequest.addParameter("B", "9914");
theRequest.addParameter("S", "123456789");
theRequest.addParameter("ServerID", "AA");
theRequest.addParameter("BHD0001", "1");
theRequest.addParameter("E", "0");
}
public final void testDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA() {
try {
wamServlet.doGet(request,response);
} catch (ServletException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
//TODO Implement doGet().
}
public final void endDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA(WebResponse theResponse){
System.out.print(theResponse.getText());
}
public void beginDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB(WebRequest theRequest){
theRequest.addParameter("B", "9914");
}
public final void testDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB() {
try {
wamServlet.doGet(request,response);
} catch (ServletException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
//TODO Implement doGet().
}
public final void endDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB(WebResponse theResponse){
System.out.print(theResponse.getText());
}
}
詳細的api請參照相關的文檔,在文件目錄下均存在
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