先來看在CMMI模型中的相關描述:
1 質量保證的定義:
A planned and systematic means for assuring management that the defined standards,
practices, procedures, and methods of the process are applied.
2 質量控制的定義:
The operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfill requirements
for quality. (See also “quality assurance.”)
3 對PPQA的概述:
The Process and Product Quality Assurance process area supports all process
areas by providing specific practices for objectively evaluating performed processes,
work products, and services against the applicable process descriptions, standards,
and procedures, and ensuring that any issues arising from these reviews are addressed.
Process and Product Quality Assurance supports the delivery of high-quality products and services by providing the project staff and all levels
of managers with appropriate visibility into, and feedback on, the
processes and associated work products throughout the life of the project.
這段描述在模型中重復出現多次。
4 PPQA與VER的關系:
The practices in the Process and Product Quality Assurance process
area ensure that planned processes are implemented, while the practices in
the Verification process area ensure that the specified requirements are
satisfied. These two process areas may on occasion address the same
work product but from different perspectives. Projects should take [Page]
advantage of the overlap in order to minimize duplication of effort while
taking care to maintain the separate perspectives.
再來看在ISO 9000:2000中對質量保證的定義:
3.2.8 質量管理 quality management
在質量(3.1.1)方面指揮和控制組織(3.3.1)的協調的活動。
注:在質量方面的指揮和控制活動,通常包括制定質量方針(3.2.4)和質量目標(3.2.5)以及質量策劃(3.2.9)、質量控制(3.2.10)、質量保證(3.2.11)和質量改進(3.2.12)。
3.2.10 質量控制 quality contorl
質量管理(3.2.8)的一部分,致力于滿足質量要求(3.1.2)。
3.2.11 質量保證 quality assurance
質量管理(3.2.8)的一部分,致力于提供質量要求(3.1.2)會得到滿足的信任。
3.4.2 產品 product
過程(3.4.1)的結果
注3:質量保證(3.2.11)主要關注預期的產品。
基于上述的模型與標準的描述,結合我的實踐,通俗歸納如下的表格,僅供理解時參考: 長期性,要分析根本原因,是文化的建設,通過過程保證產品質量
QC
QA
執行人
技術專家
測試人員
PM
QA人員
檢查對象
工作產品
過程
工作產品
過程
參照物
需求
技術規格
質量目標
標準規范
關注點
產品的內在質量
過程的性能
產品與過程對于標準的符合性
有效性
直接作用在產品上
直接作用在過程上,間接作用在產品上
手段
測試
評審
SPC技術等
檢查
評審
管理假設
產品有缺陷,應盡早發現缺陷
過程可以預防產品缺陷
時效性
就事論事
長期性,要分析根本原因,是文化的建設,通過過程保證產品質量
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