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    使用API創建窗體(類似VC的創建過程)

    發布: 2007-7-14 20:28 | 作者: 佚名    | 來源: 網絡轉載     | 查看: 14次 | 進入軟件測試論壇討論

    領測軟件測試網VB中用API創建窗體和VC中的步驟是一樣的,只不過用IDE環境創建是把過程都封裝起來,現在我們用API方式創建,大致讓我們了解一個窗體的產生過程,讓我們使用VB的程序員對系統的機制多一些了解.

    先所以下用C++創建窗體的過程:

    程序的入口:int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                         HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                         LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
                         int       nCmdShow)

    進入后先初始化結構WNDCLASSEX wcex;

    調用APIRegisterClassEx,注冊窗體結構,如果成功一次調用CreateWindow、ShowWindow、UpdateWindow這樣一個主窗體就成功的創建并顯示給用戶,下面就缺少一個處理消息的死循環。

    那么我們我們可以按照這個步驟在VB中實現一樣的效果:

    在C++因為API聲明已經被包涵到頭文件所以直接用就可以,但是在VB中就要逐個聲明一下用到的API,結構。

    Public Declare Function RegisterClass Lib "user32" Alias "RegisterClassA" (Class As WNDCLASS) As Long
    Public Declare Function UnregisterClass Lib "user32" Alias "UnregisterClassA" (ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal hInstance As Long) As Long
    Public Declare Function DefWindowProc Lib "user32" Alias "DefWindowProcA" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal wMsg As Long, ByVal wParam As Long, ByVal lParam As Long) As Long
    Public Declare Function GetMessage Lib "user32" Alias "GetMessageA" (lpMsg As Msg, ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal wMsgFilterMin As Long, ByVal wMsgFilterMax As Long) As Long
    Public Declare Function TranslateMessage Lib "user32" (lpMsg As Msg) As Long
    Public Declare Function DispatchMessage Lib "user32" Alias "DispatchMessageA" (lpMsg As Msg) As Long
    Public Declare Function ShowWindow Lib "user32" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal nCmdShow As Long) As Long
    Public Declare Function LoadCursor Lib "user32" Alias "LoadCursorA" (ByVal hInstance As Long, ByVal lpCursorName As Any) As Long
    Public Declare Function LoadIcon Lib "user32" Alias "LoadIconA" (ByVal hInstance As Long, ByVal lpIconName As String) As Long
    Public Declare Function CreateWindowEx Lib "user32" Alias "CreateWindowExA" (ByVal dwExStyle As Long, ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal lpWindowName As String, ByVal dwStyle As Long, ByVal x As Long, ByVal y As Long, ByVal nWidth As Long, ByVal nHeight As Long, ByVal hWndParent As Long, ByVal hMenu As Long, ByVal hInstance As Long, lpParam As Any) As Long
    Public Declare Function CallWindowProc Lib "user32" Alias "CallWindowProcA" (ByVal lpPrevWndFunc As Long, ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal Msg As Long, ByVal wParam As Long, ByVal lParam As Long) As Long
    Public Declare Function SetWindowLong Lib "user32" Alias "SetWindowLongA" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal nIndex As Long, ByVal dwNewLong As Long) As Long
    Public Declare Function GetWindowLong Lib "user32" Alias "GetWindowLongA" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal nIndex As Long) As Long
    Public Declare Function MessageBox Lib "user32" Alias "MessageBoxA" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal lpText As String, ByVal lpCaption As String, ByVal wType As Long) As Long
    Public Declare Sub PostQuitMessage Lib "user32" (ByVal nExitCode As Long)


    Public Type WNDCLASS
        style As Long
        lpfnwndproc As Long
        cbClsextra As Long
        cbWndExtra2 As Long
        hInstance As Long
        hIcon As Long
        hCursor As Long
        hbrBackground As Long
        lpszMenuName As String
        lpszClassName As String
    End Type


    Public Type POINTAPI
        x As Long
        y As Long
    End Type


    Public Type Msg
        hwnd As Long
        message As Long
        wParam As Long
        lParam As Long
        time As Long
        pt As POINTAPI
    End Type

    Public Const CS_VREDRAW = &H1
    Public Const CS_HREDRAW = &H2

    Public Const CW_USEDEFAULT = &H80000000

    Public Const ES_MULTILINE = &H4&

    Public Const WS_BORDER = &H800000
    Public Const WS_CHILD = &H40000000
    Public Const WS_OVERLAPPED = &H0&
    Public Const WS_CAPTION = &HC00000 ' WS_BORDER Or WS_DLGFRAME
    Public Const WS_SYSMENU = &H80000
    Public Const WS_THICKFRAME = &H40000
    Public Const WS_MINIMIZEBOX = &H20000
    Public Const WS_MAXIMIZEBOX = &H10000
    Public Const WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW = (WS_OVERLAPPED Or WS_CAPTION Or WS_SYSMENU Or WS_THICKFRAME Or WS_MINIMIZEBOX Or WS_MAXIMIZEBOX)

    Public Const WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE = &H200&

    Public Const COLOR_WINDOW = 5

    Public Const WM_DESTROY = &H2
    Public Const WM_LBUTTONDOWN = &H201
    Public Const WM_LBUTTONUP = &H202

    Public Const IDC_ARROW = 32512&

    Public Const IDI_APPLICATION = 32512&

    Public Const GWL_WNDPROC = (-4)

    Public Const SW_SHOWNORMAL = 1

    Public Const MB_OK = &H0&
    Public Const MB_ICONEXCLAMATION = &H30&


    聲明幾個我們需要的變量、常量:

    Public Const gClassName = "MyClassName"
    Public Const gAppName = "My Window Caption"

    Public gButOldProc As Long
    Public gHwnd As Long, gButtonHwnd As Long, gEditHwnd As Long



    入口函數:

    Sub Main

    代碼如下:

    Public Sub Main()

       Dim wMsg As Msg

       ''Call procedure to register window classname. If false, then exit.
       If RegisterWindowClass = False Then Exit Sub
        
          ''Create window
          If CreateWindows Then
             ''Loop will exit when WM_QUIT is sent to the window.
             Do While GetMessage(wMsg, 0&, 0&, 0&)
                ''TranslateMessage takes keyboard messages and converts
                ''them to WM_CHAR for easier processing.
                Call TranslateMessage(wMsg)
                ''Dispatchmessage calls the default window procedure
                ''to process the window message. (WndProc)
                Call DispatchMessage(wMsg)
             Loop
          End If

        Call UnregisterClass(gClassName$, App.hInstance)


    End Sub

    Public Function RegisterWindowClass() As Boolean

        Dim wc As WNDCLASS
        
        
        wc.style = CS_HREDRAW Or CS_VREDRAW
        wc.lpfnwndproc = GetAddress(AddressOf WndProc) ''Address in memory of default window procedure.
        wc.hInstance = App.hInstance
        wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(0&, IDI_APPLICATION) ''Default application icon
        wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(0&, IDC_ARROW) ''Default arrow
        wc.hbrBackground = COLOR_WINDOW ''Default a color for window.
        wc.lpszClassName = gClassName$

        RegisterWindowClass = RegisterClass(wc) <> 0
        
    End Function
    Public Function CreateWindows() As Boolean
      
        ''開始創建窗體

    主窗體.
        gHwnd& = CreateWindowEx(0&, gClassName$, gAppName$, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 208, 150, 0&, 0&, App.hInstance, ByVal 0&)
        ''創建一個按鈕
        gButtonHwnd& = CreateWindowEx(0&, "Button", "Click Here", WS_CHILD, 58, 90, 85, 25, gHwnd&, 0&, App.hInstance, 0&)
        ''創建一個(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE、ES_MULTILINE風格的TextBox
        gEditHwnd& = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, "Edit", "This is the edit control." & vbCrLf & "As you can see, it's multiline.", WS_CHILD Or ES_MULTILINE, 0&, 0&, 200, 80, gHwnd&, 0&, App.hInstance, 0&)

    "Button ","Edit"系統中已經注冊過了所以這里直接用
        創建完別忘了顯示出來否則是隱藏的

        Call ShowWindow(gHwnd&, SW_SHOWNORMAL)
        Call ShowWindow(gButtonHwnd&, SW_SHOWNORMAL)
        Call ShowWindow(gEditHwnd&, SW_SHOWNORMAL)

    記下按鈕處理過錯的當前所在地址    

    gButOldProc& = GetWindowLong(gButtonHwnd&, GWL_WNDPROC)
        
        
        ''Set default window procedure of button to ButtonWndProc. Different
        ''settings of windows is listed in the MSDN Library. We are using GWL_WNDPROC
        ''to set the address of the window procedure.

    指向新的處理過程地址
        Call SetWindowLong(gButtonHwnd&, GWL_WNDPROC, GetAddress(AddressOf ButtonWndProc))

        CreateWindows = (gHwnd& <> 0)
        
    End Function

    '窗體運行的主函數,在注冊這個窗體時已經指定的
    Public Function WndProc(ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal uMsg As Long, ByVal wParam As Long, ByVal lParam As Long) As Long

        Dim strTemp As String

    處理消息,這里指處理了WM_DESTROY消息

        Select Case uMsg&
           Case WM_DESTROY:
              ''Since DefWindowProc doesn't automatically call
              ''PostQuitMessage (WM_QUIT). We need to do it ourselves.
              ''You can use DestroyWindow to get rid of the window manually.
              Call PostQuitMessage(0&)
        End Select
        

      ''Let windows call the default window procedure since we're done.
      WndProc = DefWindowProc(hwnd&, uMsg&, wParam&, lParam&)

    End Function

    又添加了一個Button的處理過程

    Public Function ButtonWndProc(ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal uMsg As Long, ByVal wParam As Long, ByVal lParam As Long) As Long

        Select Case uMsg&
           Case WM_LBUTTONUP:
              Call MessageBox(gHwnd&, "You clicked the button!", App.Title, MB_OK Or MB_ICONEXCLAMATION)
        End Select
        
      ButtonWndProc = CallWindowProc(gButOldProc&, hwnd&, uMsg&, wParam&, lParam&)
       
    End Function


    Public Function GetAddress(ByVal lngAddr As Long) As Long
        GetAddress = lngAddr&
    End Function

    以上一個完整的簡單的應用程序就產生了。我們不需要IDE環境也可以創建我們想要的風格的窗體。通過這個例子對于VB程序員是不是對系統的機制有了一些了解。

    雖然這個例子實際意義并不大,但是我們認為很有用,讓我們能了解一些封裝背后隱藏的事實,使我們的思路很自由。

    最后要聲明這個想法并不是我一人想出來的,我參考一段代碼(具體出處不祥)說想到,想與VB程序員共同分享一下,其實只要用活VB并沒有我們所說的那么多限制,關鍵在使用者能否跳出這個范疇。

    延伸閱讀

    文章來源于領測軟件測試網 http://www.kjueaiud.com/


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