NEW GENERATION COMPUTER PROJECTS
In recent years，there have been launched several new generation computer system projects in the world，e. g．，Japan’s Fifth Generation Computer System（FGCS）Project，MCC’s Advanced Computer Architecture Program，DARPA’s Strategic Computing Program．
The functions of the FGCS can be divided into three different categories：Problem solving and inference functions；Knowledge-based management functions；Intelligent interface functions．The problem solving and inference functions will be provided by the hardware inference mechanism，the control mechanism，parallel processing，the logic programs developed on these machines and the software system for high-order predicate calculus．The interface between software and hardware will be a logic-based language．The inference machine which processes the logic programming languages，such as Prolog，will be equipped with high power inference mechanisms built into hardware．This machine will also use hardware dataflow-oriented techniques for parallel processing．The knowledge base management functions will be enhanced with functions to process semantic data．In order to match the predicate calculus，the relational database model was selected as the basic data model．'The knowledge ba、e machine will be organized as a combination of a relational database machine and a parallel processing machine for relational algebraic operation．The intelligent interface function，which can be compared with the input / output functions of present day computers，will consist of a collection of systems that process，recognize and synthesize many kinds of input output information，such as characters，voices，figures and images．
The MCC’s Advanced Computer Architecture Program includes researches on database，parallel processing，intelligent human interface，and knowledge-based systems，of which the Database Program is an integral part[1]．The goal of Database Program is to design a specialized“knowledgebase supercomputer”with powerful built-in inference mechanisms and the ability to manage considerably larger knowledgebases and databases at much higher speeds than even the largest general purpose computers that are expected to be commercially available by 1995[2]．The Database Program of MCC contains two projects：The Advanced Database System（ADBS）Project and the Object-Orient Database System（ODBS）．The ADBS is based on logic as a common language for representing data，knowledge，and associated programs．ADBS involves new approaches to languages，compiler theory and parallel machine architecture．The ODBS has been designed as an expansion to object-oriented programming tools，providing a rich object modeling capability and facilities for managing persistent，sharable objects．
DARPA’s Strategic Computing Program is a“new generation”project which is specialized in military applications，though it surely will bring significant advances in the state-of-the-art in civilian computer applications as byproducts[3]．The Strategic Computing Program covers frontier research in AI，Hardware and Software System Architecture，and Microelectronics，which constitute the three layers of the technology base of the Program．
NOTES
[1]of which...為引導詞前帶介詞的定語從句，說明“knowledge-based systems”。
[2]with...為介詞短語，說明“know ledgebase supercomputer”；At much higher speeds為介詞短語，作狀語修飾to manage；that引導限制性定語從句定義computers。
[3]which...定語從句定義project。though...為讓步狀語從句。
KEYWORDS
predicate calculus 謂詞演算
state-of-the-art 最新技術水平的
semantic 語義的
knowledgebase 知識庫
DARPA-Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency （美國）國防高級研究計劃署
EXERCISES
True／False．
（1）Strategic computing program is going on in USA．
（2）The functions of the FGCS can be divided into two different categories.
（3）The interface between software and hardware will be a arithmetic-based language．
（4）In order to match the predicate calculus，the relational database model was selected as the basic data model．
（5）The Database Program of MCC contains two projects：The ADBS and ODBS．
（6）The OBDS has been designed as a separate part to object-oriented programming tools．
（7）DARPA’s strategic computing program is a civilian computer applica-tion．
（8）The Strategic Computing Program covers frontier research in AI，Hardware Software System Architecture and Microelectronics．
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