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Today’s industries cannot survive worldwide competition unless they introduce new products with better quality（quality，Q），at lower cost（cost，C），and with shorter lead time（delivery，D）．Accordingly，they have tried to use the computer’s huge memory capacity，fast processing speed，and user-friendly interactive graphics capabilities to automate and tie together otherwise cumbersome and separate engineering or production tasks，thus reducing the time and cost of product development and production[1]．Computer-aided design（CAD），computer-aided manufacturing（CAM），and computer-aided engineering（CAE）are the technologies used for this purpose during the product cycle．Thus，to understand the role of CAD，CAM，and CAE，we need to examine the various activities and functions that must be accomplished in the design and manufacture of a product．These activities and functions are referred to as the product cycle．The product cycle described by Zeid（1991）is presented here with minor modifications，as shown in Fig. 10-1．
As indicated by the boxes bounded by solid lines in Fig. 10-1，the product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process．The design process starts from customers’demands that are identified by marketing personnel and ends with a complete description of the product，usually in the form of a drawing．The manufacturing process starts from the design specifications and ends with shipping of the actual products．
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除非能以較低的價格提供更好的質量及更短的交貨時間提供新產品，否則任何企業都無法在當今的國際競爭中立足。因此，他們都試圖用計算機的巨大存儲能力、快速處理速度及用戶友好的交互圖形能力，來自動完成并緊密聯系其他繁重的和單獨的工程或生產任務，從而減少產品開發和生產的時間和成本。計算機輔助設計（CAD）、計算機輔助制造（CAM）和計算機輔助工程（CAE）正是生產周期中為此目的而采用的技術。因此，為了了解CAD、CAM和CAE所扮演的角色，需要了解在一個產品設計和生產過程中必須完成的各項活動和功能。這些活動和功能被稱之為產品周期。對Zeid（1991）所描述的產品周期稍加改動后如圖10-l所示。
正如圖10-1的實線框所示，產品周期由兩個主要過程組成：設計過程和制造過程。設計過程始于由市場人員認定的用戶需求，止于對產品的完整描述，通常用圖形來表現。制造過程則始于設計的規格說明，止于產品發運。
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計算機輔助工程
