C# 中的大多數語句都是直接從 C 和 C++ 借用的,但有一些值得注意的添加和修改。下表列出了可用的語句類型,并提供了每種類型的示例。
語句 | 示例 |
---|---|
語句列表和塊語句 | static void Main() { F(); G(); { H(); I(); } } |
標記語句和 goto 語句 | static void Main(string[] args) { if (args.Length == 0) goto done; Console.WriteLine(args.Length);done: Console.WriteLine("Done");} |
局部常數聲明 | static void Main() { const float pi = 3.14f; const int r = 123; Console.WriteLine(pi * r * r);} |
局部變量聲明 | static void Main() { int a; int b = 2, c = 3; a = 1; Console.WriteLine(a + b + c);} |
表達式語句 | static int F(int a, int b) { return a + b;}static void Main() { F(1, 2); // Expression statement} |
if 語句 | static void Main(string[] args) { if (args.Length == 0) Console.WriteLine("No args"); else Console.WriteLine("Args");} |
switch 語句 | static void Main(string[] args) { switch (args.Length) { case 0: Console.WriteLine("No args"); break; case 1: Console.WriteLine("One arg "); break; default: int n = args.Length; Console.WriteLine("{0} args", n); break; }} |
while 語句 | static void Main(string[] args) { int i = 0; while (i < args.Length) { Console.WriteLine(args[i]); i++; }} |
do 語句 | static void Main() { string s; do { s = Console.ReadLine(); } while (s != "Exit");} |
for 語句 | static void Main(string[] args) { for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) Console.WriteLine(args[i]);} |
foreach 語句 | static void Main(string[] args) { foreach (string s in args) Console.WriteLine(s);} |
break 語句 | static void Main(string[] args) { int i = 0; while (true) { if (i == args.Length) break; Console.WriteLine(args[i++]); }} |
continue 語句 | static void Main(string[] args) { int i = 0; while (true) { Console.WriteLine(args[i++]); if (i < args.Length) continue; break; }} |
return 語句 | static int F(int a, int b) { return a + b;}static void Main() { Console.WriteLine(F(1, 2)); return;} |
throw 語句和 try 語句 | static int F(int a, int b) { if (b == 0) throw new Exception("Divide by zero"); return a / b;}static void Main() { try { Console.WriteLine(F(5, 0)); } catch(Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Error"); }} |
checked 和 unchecked 語句 | static void Main() { int x = Int32.MaxValue; Console.WriteLine(x + 1); // Overflow checked { Console.WriteLine(x + 1); // Exception } unchecked { Console.WriteLine(x + 1); // Overflow }} |
lock 語句 | static void Main() { A a = ...; lock(a) { a.P = a.P + 1; }} |
using 語句 | static void Main() { using (Resource r = new Resource()) { r.F(); }} |