Alligator27 回復于:2005-04-09 01:25:48 |
getchar()是blocking函數. 你要non-blocking函數.
window: kbhit() unix: 這個函數simulator http://www.pwilson.net/kbhit.html /* *************************************************************************** * * Copyright 1992-2005 by Pete Wilson All Rights Reserved * 50 Staples Street : Lowell Massachusetts 01851 : USA * http://www.pwilson.net/ pete@pwilson.net +1 978-454-4547 * * This item is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it as * long as you preserve this copyright notice. Pete Wilson prepared this item * hoping it might be useful, but it has NO WARRANTY WHATEVER, not even any * implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. * *************************************************************************** */ /* *************************************************************************** * * KBHIT.C * * Based on the work of W. Richard Stevens in "Advanced Programming in * the Unix Environment," Addison-Wesley; and of Floyd Davidson. * * Contains these functions: * * To set the TTY mode: * tty_set_raw() Unix setup to read a character at a time. * tty_set_cooked() Unix setup to reverse tty_set_raw() * * To read keyboard input: * kb_getc() keyboard get character, NON-BLOCKING. If a char * has been typed, return it. Else return 0. * kb_getc_w() kb get char with wait: BLOCKING. Wait for a char * to be typed and return it. * * How to use: * tty_set_raw() set the TTY mode to read one char at a time. * kb_getc() read chars one by one. * tty_set_cooked() VERY IMPORTANT: restore cooked mode when done. * * Revision History: * * DATE DESCRIPTION * ----------- -------------------------------------------- * 12-jan-2002 new * 20-aug-2002 cleanup * * Notes: * ----------- -------------------------------------------- * 25-nov-2003 notate anomoly in some Unices: termattr.c_clearcase/" target="_blank" >cc[VMIN] = 0; *************************************************************************** */ #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <termios.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <errno.h> #ifndef STDIN_FILENO #define STDIN_FILENO 0 #endif extern int errno; static struct termios termattr, save_termattr; static int ttysavefd = -1; static enum { RESET, RAW, CBREAK } ttystate = RESET; /* *************************************************************************** * * set_tty_raw(), put the user's TTY in one-character-at-a-time mode. * returns 0 on success, -1 on failure. * *************************************************************************** */ int set_tty_raw(void) { int i; i = tcgetattr (STDIN_FILENO, &termattr); if (i < 0) { printf("tcgetattr() returned %d for fildes=%d\n",i,STDIN_FILENO); perror (""); return -1; } save_termattr = termattr; termattr.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO | ICANON | IEXTEN | ISIG); termattr.c_iflag &= ~(BRKINT | ICRNL | INPCK | ISTRIP | IXON); termattr.c_cflag &= ~(CSIZE | PARENB); termattr.c_cflag |= CS8; termattr.c_oflag &= ~(OPOST); termattr.c_cc[VMIN] = 1; /* or 0 for some Unices; see note 1 */ termattr.c_cc[VTIME] = 0; i = tcsetattr (STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &termattr); if (i < 0) { printf("tcsetattr() returned %d for fildes=%d\n",i,STDIN_FILENO); perror(""); return -1; } ttystate = RAW; ttysavefd = STDIN_FILENO; return 0; } /* *************************************************************************** * * set_tty_cbreak(), put the user's TTY in cbreak mode. * returns 0 on success, -1 on failure. * *************************************************************************** */ int set_tty_cbreak() { int i; i = tcgetattr (STDIN_FILENO, &termattr); if (i < 0) { printf("tcgetattr() returned %d for fildes=%d\n",i,STDIN_FILENO); perror (""); return -1; } save_termattr = termattr; termattr.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO | ICANON); termattr.c_cc[VMIN] = 1; termattr.c_cc[VTIME] = 0; i = tcsetattr (STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &termattr); if (i < 0) { printf("tcsetattr() returned %d for fildes=%d\n",i,STDIN_FILENO); perror (""); return -1; } ttystate = CBREAK; ttysavefd = STDIN_FILENO; return 0; } /* *************************************************************************** * * set_tty_cooked(), restore normal TTY mode. Very important to call * the function before exiting else the TTY won't be too usable. * returns 0 on success, -1 on failure. * *************************************************************************** */ int set_tty_cooked() { int i; if (ttystate != CBREAK && ttystate != RAW) { return 0; } i = tcsetattr (STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &save_termattr); if (i < 0) { return -1; } ttystate = RESET; return 0; } /* *************************************************************************** * * kb_getc(), if there's a typed character waiting to be read, * return it; else return 0. * *************************************************************************** */ unsigned char kb_getc(void) { unsigned char ch; ssize_t size; size = read (STDIN_FILENO, &ch, 1); if (size == 0) { return 0; } else { return ch; } } /* *************************************************************************** * * kb_getc_w(), wait for a character to be typed and return it. * *************************************************************************** */ unsigned char kb_getc_w(void) { unsigned char ch; size_t size; while (1) { usleep(20000); /* 1/50th second: thanks, Floyd! */ size = read (STDIN_FILENO, &ch, 1); if (size > 0) { break; } } return ch; } #define TEST #ifdef TEST void echo(unsigned char ch); static enum { CH_ONLY, CH_HEX } how_echo = CH_ONLY; int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { unsigned char ch; printf("Test Unix single-character input.\n"); set_tty_raw(); /* set up character-at-a-time */ while (1) /* wait here for a typed char */ { usleep(20000); /* 1/50th second: thanks, Floyd! */ ch = kb_getc(); /* char typed by user? */ if (0x03 == ch) /* might be control-C */ { set_tty_cooked(); /* control-C, restore normal TTY mode */ return 1; /* and get out */ } echo(ch); /* not control-C, echo it */ } } void echo(unsigned char ch) { switch (how_echo) { case CH_HEX: printf("%c,0x%x ",ch,ch); break; default: case CH_ONLY: printf("%c", ch); break; } fflush(stdout); /* push it out */ } #endif /* test */ #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif /* ----- Notes ----- 1. Some flavors of Unix need termattr.c_cc[VMIN] = 0 here else the read() in kb_getc() blocks: -- MPC7400 G4 MAC running Yellowdog Linux with a 2.4.18 Kernel. Thanks to Jon Harrison. ----- */ |
bleem1998 回復于:2005-04-09 15:24:07 |
好長阿
我覺得用一個select就可以解決5秒的問題 如果想直接接收到鍵盤字符而不用回車來確認 用一個tcsetattr也解決了 |
dzbjet 回復于:2005-04-10 16:13:06 |
你不會再信號處理函數中發送一個自定義的控制字符給getchar(),然后判斷一下,如果是你發送的控制字符,就說明是超時,。。。。。。。。 |
zi_ji 回復于:2005-04-10 16:29:16 |
我覺得把signal放在alarm上面就行 |
spirn 回復于:2005-04-20 01:28:48 |
原來不行的原因是即使超時,最后還是跑回getchar里面去,所以程序無論怎么超時都會停在哪里
不過在同一個進程內部用這種方式不好。例如在getchar的內部分配了一些資源,然后由于超時強行恢復堆棧跳出來,那之前已經分配的資源就沒有人釋放了。所以除非你確定timeout會跳過的代碼里面不會導致資源泄漏,否則就不要在同一個進程內部用這種機制 #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <signal.h> #include <setjmp.h> #define TIMEOUT 5 void sigProcess(int); static jmp_buf env; main(void) { int ret ; printf("The program is about to get a character from the keyboard:\n"); alarm(TIMEOUT); signal(SIGALRM,sigProcess); if ((ret=setjmp(env))==0){ getchar(); alarm(0) ; //注意保護 printf("haha\n"); return 0 ; } alarm(0) ;//這是一個好習慣 printf("ret=%d\n",ret); } void sigProcess(int signo) { signal(SIGALRM,SIG_DFL); printf("In the signal process function: TIMEOUT\n"); longjmp(env, 5); } |