計算機英語：觸發器和儲存器

Flip-flops and Registers

　　We have learned that the three basic logic functions are AND, OR, and NOT. All of the computer's decision-making and arithmetic circuits are made up of these three functions．However,in order to make adecision or perform an arithmetic operation, the computer must have a place to store the input and output information (data)．For example, if we are to find the sum of 3 and 6，we must write these numbers downn a piece of paper(store them)，or use some of the cells of our brain to remember them．After the sumas been obtained, it is again necessary to store or rmember that sumor its value, will be lost. In mputers this very important function of reinem-bering or storing bits of data is performed by varioustypes of Flip-flops．
　　Flip-flops are one of the circuits that arc madefrom gates and inverters．A Flip-flop has the abilltvto store one bit of information a one or a zero．In microcomputers，though, information is stored in 8 bitor 16- bit groups．This requires many Flip-flops. When Flip-flops are arranged to store multibit information, they are called registers. These registers are classified aclearcase/" target="_blank" >ccording to the way information isentered and removed. For example, if a register isconnected to the data bus in an 8-bit machine. eachline of the bus connects to register．Because the databus will be an 8一bit bus, there are 8-bit Flip-flopsthat form the register, When there is information onthe data bus,and a particular register is selected toreceive data, all the Flip-flops will store data simultancously. This kind of register is refer is referred to as aparallel register.
　　When inputting or outputting data, the data isoften entered or removed for a register one bit at atime. Where this is the case, the register is called aserial, or shift, register.

翻譯：

觸發器和儲存器    

　　我們己經學過三種基本的邏輯函數是“與”，“或”及“非”。 所有計算機的判決電路及運算電路都是由這三個函數組成的。但是， 為了做判決或執行算術運算，計算機必須有一個地方，以使存儲輸入及輸出數據例如，如果我們想要求出3與6的和，我們必須將這些數寫在一張紙上（存儲它們），或者利用我們大腦中的某些細胞來記住它們。當求出和之后，還必須存儲或者記住此和，否則, 其值（9）將去失。在計算機中，這種記憶或存儲數據位（比特）非常重要的功能是由不同類型的觸發器實現的。
　　觸發器是由門及反相器構成的電路之一，觸發器具有存儲一個三進制位（比特）信息一一I或0的能力。雖然，在微型計算機中，信息是以8比特或16比特組的形式存儲的。這就需要更多的觸發器。當觸發器被安排用來存儲多位（二進制位）信息時，它們被稱做“寄存器”。這些寄存器可按照信息輸入和移動的方式來分類。例如，如果 寄存器被聯接到一臺8位機的數據總線上，那么，該總線的每一條線均聯接到寄存器上，因為數據總線是8位總線，所以有9個觸發器來形成寄存器，當在數據總線上有信息，并且選擇了一個特定的寄存器來接收數據時，那么所有的觸發器將同時存儲數據，這種形式的寄存器叫做“并行寄存器”。
　　當輸入輸出數據時，數據常常是一次一位地輸入寄存器或從寄存器取出。在這種情況下，此寄存器叫做“串行或移位寄存器”。

原文轉自：http://www.kjueaiud.com