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  • bash設置

    發表于:2007-07-02來源:作者:點擊數: 標簽:
    bash(1) 要使bash 符合個人的口味,有幾個文檔需要修改: /etc/bashrc 存有整個系統的別名和功能; /etc/profile 存有整個系統的環境參數和啟動程式; $HOME/.bashrc 存有用戶的的別名和功能; $HOME/.bash_profile 存有用戶的環境參數和啟動程式; $HOME/.b

    bash(1)

    要使bash 符合個人的口味,有幾個文檔需要修改:


    /etc/bashrc 存有整個系統的別名和功能;
    /etc/profile 存有整個系統的環境參數和啟動程式;
    $HOME/.bashrc 存有用戶的的別名和功能;
    $HOME/.bash_profile 存有用戶的環境參數和啟動程式;
    $HOME/.bash_logout 存有退出系統時的結束方式;
    $HOME/.inputrc 存有主要綁定數值和其他位元數值;
    下文將例舉對這些文檔的修改。首先,最重要的文檔是:/etc/profile。如以下幾節中可以看到,一向以修改這個文檔的方式來設定Linux的各種功能。

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # /etc/profile

    # System wide environment and startup programs
    # --整個系統環境和啟動程式
    #
    # Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
    # --/etc/bashhrc中的功能和別名
    #
    # This file sets the following features:
    # --這個文檔設定下列功能:
    #
    # o path --路徑
    # o prompts --提示符
    # o a few environment variables --幾個環境變數
    # o colour ls --ls 的顏色
    # o less behaviour --設定less的功能
    # o keyboard settings --鍵盤設置
    #
    # Users can override these settings and/or add others in their
    # $HOME/.bash_profile
    # 用戶可在$HOME/.bash_profile中取消這些設定和(或)增加其他設定

    # set a decent path
    # 設定可行的路徑

    echo $PATH | grep X11R6 > /dev/null
    if [ $? = 1 ] ; then # add entries to the path
    PATH="$PATH:/usr/X11R6/bin:$HOME/bin:."
    fi

    # notify the user: login or non-login shell. If login, the prompt is
    # coloured in blue; otherwise in magenta. Root@#s prompt is red.
    # 通知用戶:登錄(login)或不登錄(non-login)的外圍程序(shell)。
    # 如果登錄,則提示符為藍色,否則為紫紅色。Root的提示符為紅色。

    USER=`whoami`
    if [ $LOGNAME = $USER ] ; then
    COLOUR=44
    else
    COLOUR=45
    fi

    if [ $USER = @#root@# ] ; then
    COLOUR=41
    fi

    # put a real escape character instead of ^[
    # 用真正的換碼字符代替^[

    PS1=@#^[[$COLOUR;37;1m$HOSTNAME:^[[37;40;1mw$ @#
    PS2="Continue> "

    # no core dumps, please
    # 請勿轉儲內存信息

    ulimit -c 0

    # set umask
    # 設定umask

    if [ `id -gn` = `id -un` -a `id -u` -gt 14 ]; then
    umask 002
    else
    umask 022
    fi

    # a few variables
    # 幾項變數

    USER=`id -un`
    LOGNAME=$USER
    MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
    EDITOR=jed
    HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname`
    HISTSIZE=1000
    HISTFILESIZE=1000
    export PATH PS1 PS2 USER LOGNAME MAIL EDITOR HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTFILESIZE

    # enable colour ls
    # 設定ls的顏色

    eval `dircolors /etc/DIR_COLORS -b`
    export LS_OPTIONS=@#-F -s -T 0 --color=tty@#

    # customize less
    # 設定less

    LESS=@#-M-Q@#
    LESSEDIT="%E ?lt+%lt. %f"
    LESSOPEN="| lesspipe.sh %s"
    VISUAL=jed
    LESSCHARSET=latin1
    export LESS LESSEDIT LESSOPEN VISUAL LESSCHARSET

    # customise the keyboard
    # 設定鍵盤

    /sbin/kbdrate -s -r 16 -d 500

    for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
    if [ -x $i ]; then
    . $i
    fi
    done

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    此處為 /etc/bashrc:

     

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # /etc/bashrc

    # System wide functions and aliases
    # 整個系統的功能和別名
    #
    # Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile
    # /etc/profile中的環境參數
    #

    alias which="type -path"
    alias d="ls"
    alias dir="d"

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    此處為 .bashrc:

     

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # $HOME/.bashrc
    # Source global definitions

    if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
    . /etc/bashrc
    fi

    # this is needed to notify the user that they are in non-login shell
    # 需要以下設定,以便通知處於不登錄(non-login)外圍程序(shell)中的用戶

    COLOUR=45
    # put a real escape character instead of ^[
    # 用真正的換碼字符代替^[


    PS1=@#^[[$COLOUR;37m$USER:^[[37;40mw$ @#

    # aliases
    # 別名

    alias cp=@#cp -i@#
    alias l=less
    alias lyx=@#lyx -width 900 -height 700@#
    alias mv=@#mv -i@#
    alias rm=@#rm -i@#
    alias x=startx

    # A few useful functions
    # 幾個有用的功能

    inst() # Install a .tar.gz archive in the current directory.
    { gzip -dc $1 | tar xvf - }

    cz() # List the contents of a .zip archive.
    { unzip -l $* }

    ctgz() # List the contents of a .tar.gz archive.
    {
    for file in $* ; do
    gzip -dc ${file} | tar tf -
    done
    }

    tgz() # Create a .tgz archive a la zip.
    {
    name=$1 ; tar -cvf $1 ; shift
    tar -rf ${name} $*
    gzip -S .tgz ${name}
    }

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    此處為.bash_profile:

     

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # $HOME/.bash_profile

    # User specific environment and startup programs
    # 用戶特定的環境參數和啟動程式
    #
    # This file contains user-defined settings that override
    # those in /etc/profile
    # 這個文檔中存有用戶自訂的設置,可取代/etc/profile 中的數值
    #
    # Get aliases and functions
    # 設定別名和功能
    #
    if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
    . ~/.bashrc
    fi

    # re-get PS1 settings
    # 重新設定PS1數值

    if [ $USER = @#root@# ] ; then
    COLOUR=41
    else
    COLOUR=44
    fi

    # put a real escape character instead of ^[
    # 用真正的換碼字符代替^[

    PS1=@#^[[$COLOUR;37;1m$HOSTNAME:^[[37;40;1mw$ @#

    export PS1

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    此處為 .bash_logout:

     

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # $HOME/.bash_logout

    clear

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    此處為 .inputrc:

     

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # $HOME/.inputrc

    # key bindings
    # 主要綁定

    "e[1~": beginning-of-line
    "e[3~": delete-char
    "e[4~": end-of-line

    # (F1 .. F5) are "e[[A" ... "e[[E"
    # (F1 .. F5) 分別為 "e[[A" ... "e[[E"

    "e[[A": "info C-m"

    set bell-style visible # please don@#t beep
    # --喇叭不發聲
    set meta-flag On # allow 8-bit input (i.e, aclearcase/" target="_blank" >ccented letters)
    # --允許8-位元輸入(例如重音字符)譯注:用于歐洲
    # 文字或GB碼及Big5碼)
    set convert-meta Off # don@#t strip 8-bit characters
    # 不取消8-位元字符
    set output-meta On # display 8-bit characters correctly
    # 正確顯示8-位元字符

    set horizontal-scroll-mode On
    set show-all-if-ambiguous On

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    設定下列參數使 backspace 和 delete 兩鍵在xterm 和其他X11應用中運作正常:


    在.xinitrc中添加:
    usermodmap=$HOME/.Xmodmap
    xmodmap $usermodmap
    在.Xmodmap中添加:
    keycode 22 = BackSpace
    keycode 107 = Delete
    以上就設定了主控臺的參數。 要修改xterm,則更改如下:
    在.Xdefaults中增添:
    xterm*VT100.Translations: #override BackSpace: string(0x7F)
    Delete: string(0x1b) string("[3~")
    Home: string(0x1b) string("[1~")
    End: string(0x1b) string("[4~")
    CtrlPrior: string(0x1b) string("[40~")
    CtrlNext: string(0x1b) string("[41~")

    nxterm*VT100.Translations: #override BackSpace: string(0x7F)
    Delete: string(0x1b) string("[3~")
    Home: string(0x1b) string("[1~")
    End: string(0x1b) string("[4~")
    CtrlPrior: string(0x1b) string("[40~")
    CtrlNext: string(0x1b) string("[41~")
    在bash(1) 和 readline(3) 的man說明中有更多這方面的資料。

    不要以為這些設定在每種應用中都可正常運作。例如,在xterm中運行joe,有些鍵位就不起作用;運行rxvt也有相同的問題。有人說,這是termcap的問題。

     

    原文轉自:http://www.kjueaiud.com

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