在一般的軟件開發中，組織是基于項目，產品或兩者兼有。MILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN">

In general software development organizations are project based, product based and both.

通常，javascript:tagshow(event, '%B2%E2%CA%D4');" href="javascript:;" target=_self>測試組被劃分為更小的組以支持多個項目。

Generally, Test group is divided into smaller groups to support multiple projects.

基于測試組的結構，測試人員的背景（功能和技術能力），組織的成熟度，所測產品的質量等等，主要有三種在組織中定位測試自動化服務的方法。

There are mainly three ways of positioning test automation services in an organization based on the construction of a test group, background of the testers (Functional & Technical abilities), maturity of the organization, Quality of the products under test etc.

沒有哪一個模型比其他的模型更出眾，它們中的每一個都有其自身的利弊。這完全取決于你的具體情況和需要。。。

No model is superior to the other, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. It all depends on your situation and needs…

1．  獨立式Independent

2．  合并式Merged

3．  顧問式Consultancy

讓我們看看上述的那些模型并分析它們的錯綜復雜之處及其利弊。

Let us look at the above-mentioned models and analyze intricacies of those models, advantages and disadvantages.

Independent:

在這個場景中，一個‘核心的測試自動化組’擁有為測試自動化項目全部生命周期活動的責任。這個小組要做從設計測試自動化包到鞏固之前期間里的每件事情。

In this scenario there is a ‘core test automation group’ available which owns the responsibility for all the life cycle of activities of test automation project. This team does everything from the Design of the test automation suite till consolidation.

a. 優點Advantages:

1.清晰的責任和統一的方法Clear responsibilities and uniform approach

2. 最適合‘維護型的測試’來幫助‘手工的回歸測試’Suits best for ‘Maintenance testing’ to assist ‘Manual Regression testing’

3.最小化和‘手工測試人員’之間的協調Minimal co-ordination with ‘Manual testing crew’

4.集中測試自動化的活動Centralization of test automation activities

5. 最適宜手工測試人員是純粹的‘非技術’人員的情況Suits well if the Manual testing crew is purely ‘Non-Technical’

b. 缺點Disadvantages:

1.開支太大Overhead

2.低‘品質’的測試套件（缺乏所測試產品的功能性和技術性知識）Low ‘Quality’ test ware (Lack of Functional (or) Technical knowledge of the product under test)

3.冗余（手工測試人員和核心測試自動化組都要同步有關所測應用程序的知識）Redundancy (Synchronization of the knowledge of the application under test for both manual testing crew and core test automation group)

5.在‘核心的測試自動化組’和‘手工測試人員’之間沒有協同配合No synergy between ‘core test automation group’ and ‘manual testing crew’

6.需要強有力的管理支持以持續投資測試自動化Demands strong management support for continuing investments in test automation

Merged:

在這個案例中，有一位專門的測試自動化工程師被分配到每個測試項目中和'手工測試人員'一起工作。 測試自動化工程師們散布在多個測試組里。手工測試工程師和測試自動化工程師共同分擔著測試自動化項目的相關活動。

In this case there is a dedicated test automation engineer(s) allocated for each test project that works along with ‘manual testing crew’. Test automation engineers are spread over multiple test groups. Manual test engineer and Test Automation engineer share test automation project activities.

 a. 優點Advantages:

1. 通過共同分擔工作量為盡力達到最高生產率的合作方式 Collaborative way of working for maximum productivity through workload sharing

2.理想的協同合作Perfect synergy

3.能夠做更多的事情Ability to do more

4.最適合將開發測試自動化包作為軟件開發生命周期的一部分的情況Suits best for developing test automation suites as a part of the software development life cycle

5. 自動化恰當內容的概率是很高的Probability of automation the right content is high

 b. 缺點Disadvantages:

1.溝通的結構Communication structure

2.強有力的合作Strong cooperation

3.不同的主人‘Different’ owners

4.不統一的方法Non-uniform approach

5.在測試腳本開發過程中的不一致Inconsistency in the development of test scripts

6.重新創造測試自動化知識的輪回Re-inventing the wheel of test automation knowledge

Consultancy:

這個測試自動化服務的服務完全是基于' 咨詢'。 測試自動化組為測試自動化活動擔任起了一個專家中心的角色。它負責給手工測試工程師培訓關于測試工具，測試方法的知識并為執行和鞏固活動提供基礎設施。手工測試組是測試自動化項目的主人，并且對測試自動化項目的所有活動負責。

Services of test automation services are purely ‘consultancy’ based. Test automation group acts as an expert center for test automation activities. It is responsible for education manual test engineers about test tools, methodology and providing infrastructure for execution and consolidation. Manual testing group is the owner of the test automation project and is responsible for all the activities of test automation project.

a. 優點Advantages:

1.清晰的責任和角色Clear responsibilities and roles

2.最小限度的協作Minimal co-ordination

3.‘Dedicated’ people available for sustaining knowledge about test automation

4.最好地產出測試自動化包Best of breed test automation suites

5.統一的方法和測試套件的可重用性（如果適用的話）Uniform approach and re-usability of the test ware (If applicable)

b. 缺點Disadvantages:

1.活動彼此之間不連接Activities not geared up to each other

2.強硬的合作Strong cooperation

3.手工測試人員在技術上是要可以勝任的 Manual testing crew is technically competent

4.要求成熟的軟件開發組織Demands matured software development organization