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計劃測試工作
發表于：2009-01-20來源：作者：點擊數：
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計劃測試工作 I\'ll first discuss specific planning mistakes, then relate test planning to the role of testing. 我將首先討論特定的計劃錯誤，然后將 測試計劃 與測試作用關聯起來。 It\'s not unusual to see test plans biased toward functional te
計劃測試工作
I\'ll first discuss specific planning mistakes, then relate test planning to the role of testing.
我將首先討論特定的計劃錯誤，然后將測試計劃與測試作用關聯起來。
It\'s not unusual to see test plans biased toward functional testing. In functional testing, particular features are tested in isolation. In a word processor, all the options for printing would be applied, one after the other. Editing options would later get their own set of tests.
將測試計劃偏重于功能測試的情況的并不少見。在功能測試中，某個功能部件是孤立測試的。在字處理軟件中，所有打印選項都將一個接一個地應用。編輯選項在后面將得到它們自己的測試集。
But there are often interactions between features, and functional testing tends to miss them. For example, you might never notice that the sequence of operations open a document, edit the document, print the whole document, edit one page, print that page doesn\'t work. But customers surely will, because they don\'t use products functionally. They have a task orientation. To find the bugs that customers see - that are important to customers - you need to write tests that cross functional areas by mimicking typical user tasks. This type of testing is called scenario testing, task-based testing, or use-case testing.
但是，在各個功能部件中常常有交互作用，功能測試很容易遺漏它們。例如，你可能從未注意到一系列的操作：打開文檔、編輯文檔、打印整個文檔、編輯一頁、打印該頁不能工作。但是客戶一定會注意到，因為他們不會按功能使用產品。他們是面向任務的。如果要找到客戶看到的 bug——這些 bug 對于客戶來說是很重要的——你需要編寫模仿典型用戶任務的跨功能區的測試用例。這類測試稱為場景測試、基于任務的測試，或使用用例測試。
A bias toward functional testing also underemphasizes configuration testing. Configuration testing checks how the product works on different hardware and when combined with different third party software. There are typically many combinations that need to be tried, requiring expensive labs stocked with hardware and much time spent setting up tests, so configuration testing isn\'t cheap. But, it\'s worth it when you discover that your standard in-house platform which \"entirely conforms to industry standards\" actually behaves differently from most of the machines on the market.
偏重于功能測試也會低估配置測試的重要性。配置測試檢查產品在不同硬件上、以及在與不同的第三方軟件組合使用時如何工作。通常有不同的典型組合需要嘗試，需要有裝備了硬件的昂貴實驗室，并花費很多時間設置測試，所以配置測試成本不低。但是，當你發現你的“完全符合業界標準”的標準機構內部平臺實際上在市場上不同的機器上表現不同的時候，這樣做就值了。[Page]
Both configuration testing and scenario testing test global, cross-functional aspects of the product. Another type of testing that spans the product checks how it behaves under stress (a large number of transactions, very large transactions, a large number of simultaneous transactions). Putting stress and load testing off to the last minute is common, but it leaves you little time to do anything substantive when you discover your product doesn\'t scale up to more than 12 users.
配置測試和場景測試都測試產品的全面的、跨功能的方面。另一類測試是跨越產品以檢查在壓力（大量事務、很大的事務、大量并發事務）下的表現。將壓力測試和負載測試推遲到最后一刻才進行是一種常見的情況，但是這樣做的結果是，當你發現你的產品不能支持12個以上的用戶時，你已經沒有多少時間來采用實際的措施。
Two related mistakes are not testing the documentation and not testing installation procedures. Testing the documentation means checking that all the procedures and examples in the documentation work. Testing installation procedures is a good way to avoid making a bad first impression.
一個相關錯誤是不測試文檔，也不測試安裝過程。測試文檔意味著檢查文檔中所有過程和示例都能工作。測試安裝過程是避免給別人留下糟糕的第一印象的好方法。
How about avoiding testing altogether?
不做測試會怎么樣？
At a conference last year, I met (separately) two depressed testers who told me their management was of the opinion that the World Wide Web could reduce testing costs. \"Look at [wildly suclearcase/" target="_blank" >ccessful internet company]. They distribute betas over the network and get their customers to do the testing for free!\" The Windows 95 beta program is also cited in similar ways.
在去年的一個會議上，我（分別）遇到兩個沮喪的測試員，他們告訴我他們的管理是基于這樣一種意見：萬維網（World Wide Web）可以減少測試成本?！翱纯捶浅３晒Φ?STRONG>網絡公司”。他們在網絡上分發β版，讓客戶免費給他們做測試！”。Windows 95的β程序也是這樣的。
Beware of an overreliance on beta testing. Beta testing seems to give you test cases representative of customer use - because the test cases are customer use. Also, bugs reported by customers are by definition those important to customers. However, there are several problems:
要當心對β測試的過分依賴。因為測試用例是客戶使用的，所以β測試似乎是給了你客戶使用的代表用例。另外，客戶報告的錯誤也是對客戶重要的。但是，有幾個問題：
